History

Peru boasts a rich tapestry of history that dates back thousands of years, with its most iconic site being Machu Picchu. This ancient Incan citadel, nestled high in the Andes, was built in the 15th century during the reign of Emperor Pachacuti. It is thought to have served as a royal estate or religious site, showcasing the incredible engineering skills of the Incas. The site remained largely unknown to the outside world until its rediscovery by American historian Hiram Bingham in 1911.

Visitors to Machu Picchu can experience the grandeur of Incan architecture, from the precision-cut stone walls to the terraces that blend seamlessly with the surrounding landscape. To fully appreciate the history, consider joining a guided tour to learn about the various structures, such as the Temple of the Sun and the Intihuatana, a ritual stone associated with astronomy.

Travelers should also take time to explore the city of Cusco, once the capital of the Inca Empire. Here, the colonial architecture stands atop Incan foundations, creating a unique blend of cultures. Don't miss the Sacsayhuamán fortress, which offers stunning views of the city and insight into Incan military architecture.

The Sacred Valley, located between Cusco and Machu Picchu, is another historical gem. It was a vital agricultural area for the Incas, with towns like Pisac and Ollantaytambo showcasing traditional markets and impressive ruins. Traveling through the valley, you can also meet local artisans and learn about their crafts, preserving the traditions of their ancestors.

To make the most of your historical journey in Peru, consider visiting during the dry season, from May to September, when weather conditions are optimal for hiking and exploring. Ensure you acclimatize to the altitude to fully enjoy your visit. Lastly, bring a good camera—you'll want to capture the stunning landscapes and ancient ruins that tell the story of this remarkable civilization.