Introduction & History

Perched on a plateau at 3,827 metres (12,555 ft) above sea level, Puno is known as the capital of Peruvian folklore and the gateway to the world’s highest navigable lake, Lake Titicaca. Founded in 1668 as San Juan Bautista de Puno, the city played a modest role in colonial mining but blossomed culturally due to its indigenous Aymara and Quechua communities. Today Puno’s streets come alive with musicians, dancers and artisan markets showcasing centuries‑old traditions. Colourful costumes and pan flute melodies are hallmarks of its identity, and festivals like the Virgen de la Candelaria draw thousands of performers each February.

Puno’s unique location on the shores of Lake Titicaca has shaped its history and lifestyle. The lake, sacred in Inca mythology as the birthplace of the Sun, nourishes fishing villages and floating islands woven from totora reeds. Nearby archaeological sites reveal ancient burial towers at Sillustani and the mysterious stone phalluses of Chucuito’s Temple of Fertility. The city’s high altitude means thin air and striking clarity – stars appear closer, and sunlight glints off the lake’s deep blue surface.

Top Attractions & Activities

  • Lake Titicaca & Floating Islands: Take a boat tour to the Uros floating islands, constructed from reeds and home to families that maintain this centuries‑old way of life. Continue to Taquile and Amantani islands for homestays, weaving cooperatives and panoramic hikes.
  • City Sites: Visit the cathedral on the Plaza de Armas, the baroque Balcony of the Count of Lemos, and the busy pedestrian street Jirón Lima lined with eateries and handicraft shops. Climb to the Mirador Kuntur Wasi or Puma Uta for sweeping views of the city and lake.
  • Archaeological Wonders: A short drive away, explore the Chullpas of Sillustani, stone funerary towers built by the Colla people, and the Temple of Fertility (Inca Uyo) with its row of carved stone phalluses. The Yavari Ship, an 1862 gunboat brought overland by mules, now serves as a museum and bed & breakfast.

Puno also hosts a Sunday craft market where artisans sell alpaca knitwear, textiles and musical instruments. Tour museums like the Carlos Dreyer Museum for colonial art and the Museum of Traditional Dances to learn about regional costumes. Nightlife consists of live music venues and peñas where locals perform Andean folk songs.

Culture & Cuisine

The high‑altitude climate influences Puno’s cuisine. Signature dishes include trucha a la plancha (grilled trout from Lake Titicaca), pesque de quinua (creamy quinoa stew), and kankacho (roast lamb marinated with spices). Enjoy hot drinks like api (purple corn beverage) or coca tea to combat the cold. During festivals, street vendors sell anticuchos and picarones to sustain dancers and spectators.

Puno’s folkloric dances tell stories of pre‑Hispanic myths and colonial resistance. The Virgen de la Candelaria festival in February is the highlight of the year, with more than 40,000 dancers and musicians parading in ornate costumes depicting demons, angels and historical characters. The celebration reflects syncretism between Catholic and indigenous beliefs and has been recognised by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage.

High Altitude Health

At nearly 4,000 metres, Puno’s thin air can cause altitude sickness. Acclimatise by spending a couple of days in the city before visiting islands, drink coca tea, stay hydrated and avoid alcohol. If symptoms persist (headache, nausea), descend to a lower altitude and seek medical advice.

Practical Information & Travel Tips

Puno is reached via air through Juliaca airport (45 minutes away), by train on the Andean Explorer route from Cusco or Arequipa, or by bus from Lima (22 hours) and Cusco (7–8 hours). Within Puno, taxis and moto‑taxis provide inexpensive transportation. The dry season (May–September) offers clear skies and sunny days, although nights can be freezing; the rainy season (December–March) brings lush landscapes but choppy lake crossings.

Pack warm clothing, sunscreen and cash (ATMs can be scarce on islands). Tour operators organise homestays on Amantani and Taquile; these support local families and offer insights into traditional life. Remember to dress respectfully and ask before photographing people. If you hike up to viewpoints or archaeological sites, start early to avoid strong midday sun and carry plenty of water.

Lake Safety

Boat tours on Lake Titicaca may not provide life jackets by default. Confirm safety equipment with your operator and choose companies that prioritise environmental and cultural sustainability.