From the City of Kings to Modern Metropolis

Founded by conquistador Francisco Pizarro on 18 January 1535, Lima’s historic centre served as the seat of the Spanish viceroyalty of Peru for nearly 300 years. Laid out on a grid pattern along the Rimac River and nicknamed the “City of Kings”, it became one of South America’s most important colonial capitals. Today, this district of stately plazas, pastel‑hued mansions and church cloisters is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that coexists with a bustling modern metropolis.

Main Squares & Architectural Gems

Begin your exploration at Plaza Mayor, a broad square framed by the Government Palace, Lima Cathedral, the Archbishop’s Palace and the Municipal Palace. Look up to admire carved wooden balconies that jut from mansions like Casa de Aliaga—the oldest continuously inhabited house in the Americas. Inside the cathedral, ornate chapels hold the remains of Francisco Pizarro. A few blocks away, the Convent of San Francisco dazzles with its yellow façade, Moorish latticework and a library of ancient texts. Descend into its catacombs to see neatly arranged skulls and bones—a stark reminder of colonial life and death.

Other Notable Sites

  • Church & Convent of Santo Domingo: This pink‑walled complex houses the relics of saints Santa Rosa de Lima, San Martín de Porres and San Juan Macías. Climb the tower for panoramic views.
  • Casa de la Literatura Peruana: Housed in the city’s former train station, this literary museum celebrates Peruvian writers with exhibitions, readings and a serene café.
  • Rimac District & Plaza de Acho: Cross the stone bridge Puente de Piedra to the Rimac district, home to the 18th‑century bullring Plaza de Acho and the colourful neighbourhood of Barrios Altos.
  • Basilica & Convent of La Merced: An ornate baroque church featuring gilded altars and art by indigenous and Spanish artists.

Cultural Experiences & Food

The historic centre is more than monuments—it’s a living neighbourhood. Join locals in sipping coffee at traditional cafés or sampling anticuchos (grilled skewers) at street stands on Jirón de la Unión. Visit the Central Mercado to browse produce and try ceviche, Lima’s signature dish. During October, witness the Lord of Miracles procession, when purple‑clad devotees carry a revered mural through the streets. Museums like the Museo de Arte de Lima (MALI) and Museo Nacional de la Cultura Peruana showcase colonial and contemporary art, while Casa de la Gastronomía Peruana celebrates the country’s culinary fusion.

Safety & Practical Tips

Although the historic centre has been revitalised, pickpocketing and petty crime can occur. Wear bags across your body, keep valuables concealed and avoid deserted streets at night. Use licensed taxis or ride‑sharing apps rather than flagging cars on the street. Many museums and churches close for lunch; check hours before visiting. Dress modestly when entering religious sites and consider carrying a light scarf to cover shoulders.

Cultural Etiquette

Lima’s churches and convents are active places of worship. Refrain from loud conversation, turn off flash photography and follow any posted instructions. When bargaining in markets, do so respectfully. Tipping 10 percent in restaurants is customary. If attending the Lord of Miracles procession, wear purple or black and respect the solemnity of the event.

Planning Your Visit

Most visitors base themselves in the seaside districts of Miraflores or Barranco and take taxis or the Metropolitano bus to the historic centre. Early mornings offer cooler temperatures and quieter streets. Join a walking tour for context and access to hidden courtyards. Combine your visit with a trip to the nearby Parque de la Exposición or hop on the panoramic bus for a broader city tour. For panoramic city views, ride the cable car to Cerro San Cristobal in the Rimac district.

Lima’s historic centre reveals layers of Spanish, Moorish and indigenous influences that continue to shape Peruvian identity. By strolling its plazas, tasting its foods and listening to its stories, you gain a deeper appreciation for the capital’s past and its resilient spirit.